The Dawson Ledger
Event

Dzungar-Qing Wars (1687-1758 CE)

Seven-decade contest for Mongolia, Xinjiang and Tibet ending with Qing conquest of Dzungaria (Perdue 2005).

Event Details

  • Date: 1687 CE-1758 CE
  • Type: war-series
  • Civilizations: steppe-central-eurasian, sinitic-east-asia

Description

Seven-decade contest for Mongolia, Xinjiang and Tibet ending with Qing conquest of Dzungaria (Perdue 2005).

Quantitative facts and their sourcing

  • Span 1687-1758; outcome: Qing victory (Wikipedia infobox). Strength and casualty fields empty; none asserted. The final campaigns (1755-58) are widely discussed in the literature as extremely destructive to the Dzungar population (Perdue 2005); no figure is asserted here because none was read.
  • Candidate formal sources listed in the Wikipedia infobox/lead for this topic (METADATA-VERIFIED ONLY via Crossref/Open Library; NOT read; relevance to the figures above unverified): Tyler Christian 2004, Wild West China.
  • PRIMARY-SOURCE (read 2026-10-12): Qing shi gao 7: Kangxi 35 (1696) Fiyanggu crushed Galdan at Jao Modo, "3,000 heads", Galdan's wife Anu killed, Galdan fled with a few riders. Qing shi gao 12: Qianlong 23 (1758) 1st month, Russia presents Amursana's corpse and the Kazakhs submit (Qing end-marker). 1687 start not sourced from a primary text here.

Confidence

medium (dates/outcome); no numbers. Numbers marked "Wikipedia-compiled (stub)" come from a secondary aggregator and must be upgraded to page-level scholarly citations before any Official use.

Citations

  • qsg-7-wikisource-zh [PRIMARY-READ] Zhao Erxun et al. (compilers) (1928). Qing shi gao juan 7 (Shengzu annals 2), Chinese text, zh.wikisource revid 1794686; read. Wikisource (zh). https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B77. Read 2026-10-12; location: Kangxi 35 Jao Modo entry.
  • qsg-12-wikisource-zh [PRIMARY-READ] Zhao Erxun et al. (compilers) (1928). Qing shi gao juan 12 (Gaozong annals 3), Chinese text, zh.wikisource revid 2433575; read. Wikisource (zh). https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B712. Read 2026-10-12; location: Qianlong 23, 1st month entry.
  • perdue2005-china-marches-west [formal] Peter C. Perdue (2005). China Marches West: The Qing Conquest of Central Eurasia. Harvard University Press / Belknap. https://openlibrary.org/works/OL17456405W. Verified 2026-10-11 (Open Library record found; edition exists, page-level not checked).
  • newby2005-empire-khanate [formal] Laura J. Newby (2005). The Empire and the Khanate: A Political History of Qing Relations with Khoqand c.1760-1860. Brill. https://openlibrary.org/works/OL38053315W. Verified 2026-10-11 (Open Library record found; edition exists, page-level not checked).
  • wp-dzungar-qing-wars [STUB (secondary aggregator)] Wikipedia contributors (2026). Dzungar–Qing Wars (Wikipedia; secondary aggregator, stub-grade). Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzungar–Qing_Wars. Verified 2026-10-11 (resolves).
  • m-tyler2004-wild-west-china [formal] Tyler Christian (2004). Wild West China. Rutgers University Press. https://openlibrary.org/books/OL8026091M. Verified 2026-10-11 (Open Library record found; edition exists, page-level not checked).

Review status

SOFT draft. Not Official. Needs editor review of CAD tags (estimated) and page-level citation upgrade.

About this entry

A draft entry preserved from civilization.study. Evidence grade: low. 5 of 6 listed sources are fully documented; the rest are names only. Method and sources

Conflict card

This card is generated from Civitas's war record and carries the same evidence badge as every other conflict card.

How to read the evidence badges
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war series · 1687 CE-1758 CE

Dzungar-Qing Wars (1687-1758 CE)

Seven-decade contest for Mongolia, Xinjiang and Tibet ending with Qing conquest of Dzungaria (Perdue 2005).

Evidence: Primary text read Draft estimate

What the record says

  • Unverified (Wikipedia-compiled) Span 1687-1758; outcome: Qing victory (Wikipedia infobox). Strength and casualty fields empty; none asserted. The final campaigns (1755-58) are widely discussed in the literature as extremely destructive to the Dzungar population (Perdue 2005); no figure is asserted here because none was read.
  • Candidate sources Candidate formal sources listed in the Wikipedia infobox/lead for this topic (METADATA-VERIFIED ONLY via Crossref/Open Library; NOT read; relevance to the figures above unverified): Tyler Christian 2004, Wild West China.
  • Primary text PRIMARY-SOURCE (read 2026-10-12): Qing shi gao 7: Kangxi 35 (1696) Fiyanggu crushed Galdan at Jao Modo, "3,000 heads", Galdan's wife Anu killed, Galdan fled with a few riders. Qing shi gao 12: Qianlong 23 (1758) 1st month, Russia presents Amursana's corpse and the Kazakhs submit (Qing end-marker). 1687 start not sourced from a primary text here.

Confidence. medium (dates/outcome); no numbers.

Where it sits

Sources and evidence

No page-level citation is claimed for any source. Figures marked unverified come from a Wikipedia aggregator and are not for Official use.

Link to this conflict

Art: Patterns of Civilization chronicle art, made with AI: illustrations, not historical evidence. Entries are drafts preserved from civilization.study. Method and sources.